Anaerobic bacteria

Anaerobic bacteria are microorganisms that can grow regardless of whether oxygen is present. They include facultative anaerobes, which can also grow in oxygen-containing environments, and obligate anaerobes, which do not grow when oxygen is present. Typical examples of facultative anaerobes are lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli, which are also involved in the sake fermentation process. Obligate anaerobes, on the other hand, include acetone-butanol bacteria and Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium botulinum in particular plays an important role in food safety. In sake production, it is important to understand the characteristics of these bacteria, as they are one of the factors that affect fermentation management.